A bar chart from Visual Capitalist, built on Goldman Sachs estimates, compares projected US data center power demand with available supply from 2023 through 2028. The chart shows demand rising from 24GW in 2023 to 77GW in 2028, while supply grows from 14GW to 67GW over the same period.

Year-by-year demand reads 30GW in 2024, 38GW in 2025, 50GW in 2026, 63GW in 2027 and 77GW in 2028. Supply reads 21GW, 27GW, 41GW, 53GW and 67GW for the same years. The estimates for 2025 through 2028 are projections.

The gap between the two lines holds in a narrow band. The shortage is 10GW in 2023 and 9GW in 2024. It widens to 11GW in 2025, narrows to 9GW in 2026, and returns to 10GW in both 2027 and 2028. Supply grows by 53GW over the five years, and demand grows by 53GW as well.

Visual Capitalist notes that the power gap of 10GW projected for 2028 is comparable to the electricity needed to run roughly 7.5 million homes for a year. The chart attributes the pressure on supply to demand from hyperscale operators.

The figures give context to recent utility activity. Power purchase agreements for nuclear uprates, new transmission lines and grid operator capacity reforms all target the same constraint on data center growth. Goldman Sachs figures are rounded in the chart, so single-year shortages can differ slightly from the difference between the two published bars.

Visual Capitalist published the chart in December 2025.

Source: Visual Capitalist - https://www.visualcapitalist.com/shortage-of-u-s-data-center-capacity-2023-2028p/